If Overestimation of Performance is Common, Management Attempts to Assignment - 1

My Writing Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Writing Style - Essay Example Composing isn't a simple procedure, it requires some investment. To write in a way that is thankful and praiseworthy, an individual is required to peruse abstract works. In any case, at any stage, it can't be said that one has found out about composition and its procedures totally. Composing is a delayed procedure and one needs to keep composing for quite a while so as to make his composing helpful and powerful. George Orwell in his composition, â€Å"Why I write† illuminates that he got occupied with the creative cycle by perusing scholarly works and by attempting to keep in touch with himself when he was a youngster (Orwell 1). Creative cycle was not referred to him as a disclosure but since of a consistent battle that he did to pick up composing. Accordingly, one can't guarantee that the creative cycle is simple and anybody can do it with no difficult work. As Orwell has clarified that he did a ton of battle to figure out how to compose, correspondingly, every competitor of the creative cycle needs to battle excessively. I likewise see myself as a wannabe yet I feel that I need to do a great deal of difficult work to begin composing something that is estimable. The creative cycle includes the portrayal of self as the author deliberately or inadvertently uncovered his own self in his composition. Undoubtedly, I feel that my composing is likewise expressive of me as an individual. An individual who is touchy and kind, his composing will be demonstrative of his inclination. Likewise, various types of individuals can be known with the assistance of their composition. As per Joan Didion, â€Å"In numerous ways, composing is simply the demonstration of saying I, of forcing oneself upon others, of saying hear me out, see it my way, change your mind† (1). It implies that composing is an individual procedure where, the author shows what he enjoys or detests, what is his thought or idea of a circumstance and what are the realities as indicated by the ess ayist. In this way, composing for me is simply the portrayal as while composing, we see the world with our perspectives and describe what we feel about various angles because of which, we uncover our characters. Individuals as a rule compose with certain points, for example, for acclaim, for advising of individuals, for self-articulation and significantly more. Eliot Stephen says, â€Å"There are other extraordinary motivations to compose. To recount to a story, to be heard, to make craftsmanship, to take an interest, to add to the generational conversation, to make a political point, to make the world a more extravagant spot (7)†.

Bulimia and Your Oral Health

Bulimia and Your Oral Health Eating Disorders Print Bulimia Nervosa and Your Teeth How to Prevent Dental Problems When You Have Bulimia By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 24, 2019 Echo, Cultura, Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention It may not seem obvious at first that a psychiatric disorder would cause dental problems. However, some of the first telltale signs of bulimia nervosa are often spotted by dentists.  Bulimia nervosa can cause serious  medical problems as well as dental problems. It’s important for patients with bulimia nervosa to not neglect their oral health, but what exactly are the concerns? Tooth Erosion   Studies show that between 47 and 93 percent of bulimia nervosa patients who vomit exhibit damage to tooth enamel.  If you engage in self-induced vomiting, you should be aware that bringing acidic contents of your stomach into your mouth may cause erosion of the enamel surface of your teeth. This damage usually appears primarily on the inside and biting surfaces of the teeth, and the extent of the damage to the enamel can vary between patients.  Some factors believed to influence one’s susceptibility to tooth erosion include dietary and oral hygiene habits as well as how often the self-induced vomiting occurs. Not surprisingly, individuals who induce vomiting up to several times a day have a higher risk of developing dental erosion than those who vomit less frequently. However, there can be great individual variation and some people may have more damage with less frequent vomiting. Tooth erosion may become apparent after only six months of self-induced vomiting. Over time as the enamel is eroded by repeated exposure to gastric acid, teeth may lose their shine, break, turn yellow, wear down, chip, and look ragged. Damaged teeth can further exacerbate any concerns about ones appearance. But tooth decay is much more than a cosmetic concern. Your teeth may feel more sensitive to heat and cold. This can make eating more difficult and complicate recovery. In extreme cases, the teeth may die and extensive and expensive dental work to repair the damage may be needed.   Cavities Regardless of whether or not they engage in self-induced vomiting, many individuals with bulimia nervosa who binge consume high sugar foods, which can increase the risk for cavities. Those who vomit have an even higher risk for dental cavities due to the additional stomach acid. Dentists have recognized a higher incidence of cavities in individuals with bulimia nervosa.  Individuals who engage in chewing and spitting, which can be a symptom of other eating disorders as well as bulimia nervosa, can also experience dental problems such as tooth decay and cavities. Effect on Mouth and Salivary Glands Frequent vomiting can cause gum irritation and bleeding and sores on the angles of the lips. It can also cause enlargement of the salivary glands along the lower jawbone and in front of the ear, which can cause a “chipmunk cheek” look.  Purging may cause a reduction in saliva that can, in turn, lead to dry and/or cracked lips, dry mouth, and a burning sensation in the mouth, particularly on the tongue. What to Do Treatment involves stopping vomiting and paying careful attention to oral hygiene. Recovery  is the best way to limit tooth damage and prevent medical consequences.  If you are suffering from untreated bulimia nervosa, seek help from a  treatment professional.  You can even start by seeing your primary care physician (who may then refer you to a doctor who specializes in eating disorders). Speaking openly about your condition is important for eventual treatment and recovery. Bulimia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctors appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Cognitive behavioral therapy can be an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa.  Self-help versions of cognitive behavioral therapy may also be helpful for some. Once the vomiting has stopped, patients with bulimia nervosa sometimes opt to have more extensive dental repairs.   Recovery from an eating disorder takes time. In the meantime, if you are still vomiting, there are some things you can do to minimize damage. Previously, patients were advised not to brush with fluoride toothpaste after vomiting episodes because there was a  concern it would cause more damage. However, this has never been proven. The current recommendation is to brush gently with fluoride toothpaste and then rinse with a neutral PH mouthwash or a baking soda solution (one teaspoon in one quart of water) to neutralize the acid residue. Salivary gland swelling may be helped by hot compresses and tart candies. Although you may feel embarrassed, you should also see a dentist regularly for check-ups.  Try to be honest with them about your bulimia nervosa so they can help prevent more significant  dental issues. Untreated dental problems could also lead to more serious medical complications. What Is Driving Your Binge Eating?

The Effects Of Alcohol On The Drinking Culture Of America

Throughout the eighteen hundreds saloons were the site of rockus drinking, profane drunkards, and unthinking violence. This drinking culture was defined by masculinity and by free flowing alcohol that permeated all throughout America, city to city. The saloons became so popular with working men because it was time they could spend away from their wives and their homes. In Catherine Murdock’s book Domesticating Drink she argues that these elements of saloon culture, exclusivity, inebriety, and violence, were eliminated by the increase in popularity of mixed sex speakeasies, cocktail parties, and the overall domestication of drink. But this conclusion misinterprets the history of alcohol from Prohibition to the present. Although alcohol is now consumed without the exclusively of the past, it has evolved to be over sexualized and associated with a masculine culture of binge drinking over sexualized and domestic violence. The domestication of drink did allow women to integrate int o the drinking culture of America and allowed women to join the drinking population if they choose to drink. Murdock was correct in saying that the exclusivity of the all male saloon culture crumbled in the nineteen teens and onwards into the twenties, thirties, and forties. One of the most important transitions was that alcohol became far more prevalent in the household setting (165). The rise of cocktail parties gave women an opportunity to drink that was â€Å"softened-feminized enough to remove its mostShow MoreRelated Alcohol and its effects Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol is a large part of American culture. All over the United States drinking is not only acceptable but a social norm from teenagers to adults. This is not only the case in the U.S., but all over the world, where some drinking ages are 18 and 19 years of age. In America specifically, alcohol has been around for centuries and is a large part of many social gatherings. Although this is the case now, in th e early 1900’s during the prohibition period, all alcohol was banned and deemed illegal toRead MoreDrinking Culture and American Social Norms1318 Words   |  6 PagesSPEECH #3 – PERSUASIVE SPEECH Name: DANIEL C. DILIGENT Title: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Specific Purpose: To argue in favor of lowering the minimum legal drinking age in the United States. Thesis Statement: I will discuss 1) the current legal drinking age, 2) the effect that this drinking age has upon American social norms, and 3) the potential benefits of a lower drinking age. I. INTRODUCTION A. Hook: Alcohol is ever-present in today’s American society. Television viewers are constantly bombardedRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Drugs and Alcohol For nearly 85 years, the government has prohibited pscychoactive drugs. American leaders attempted to do the same to alcohol with Prohibition in the 1920?s. In any society, drug use plays a part in the people?s culture. Whether it be a native taking hallucinogens for a religious ceremony, a destitute alcoholic drinking on a city street, or a group of teenagers smoking marijuana, drugs and alcohol have the same effects in any culture. The question of ?why do people use drugs? hasRead MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Psychological And Physical Levels1212 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol is integrated into every part of American society, from the media to basic social interaction. Alcohol is so ingrained into culture that it has become an indication of status, a declaration of membership, a gender-based choice, and a rite of passage (SIRC, 2014). Adolescents growing up in an environment in which alcohol is so prevalent are bound to experiment, and this has become an expectation. However, dri nking impacts minors negatively on psychological and physical levels, and early useRead MoreAlcohol Is The Biggest Killer Of Young People1566 Words   |  7 Pagesoften associated with Russian culture, Guinness dark stout beer is the drink often associated with Irish culture. This culture is often known for heavy drinking and friendly pubs. Irish whiskey such as Jameson is proudly consumed and exported. Alcohol is the biggest killer of young people in Ireland and many are impacted by their parents drinking. One person dies every seven hours due to alcohol in Ireland. Nine out of ten public order crimes in Ireland are alcohol related and one tenth of the healthRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of 211520 Words   |  7 PagesThe drinking age in America should be lowered from 21 to 18. At 18, someone in America is legally considered an adult, and they can indulge in things that are potentially far more harmful than alcohol. Under certain circumstances, alcohol has already been permitted for people under the age of 21. Furthermore, the drinking age of 21 is ineffective because people between the ages of 18 to 21 are still drinking regardless. However, this drinking often takes the shape of dangerous binge drinking. ManyRead MoreProhibition and the Effect on America756 Words   |  3 Pagescontrol alcoholism in America. I chose to do prohibition because the fact that the action taken by the federal government in order to form a better society has led to an explosion of criminal offences in the past as well as today. The effects of prohibition consistently offer a hand in the shaping of American culture. Full-fledged black markets and organized crime groups both offset the supposed benefits of prohibition. Today, teenagers often turn to the underage consumption of alcohol to make them seemRead MoreThe Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s)848 Words   |  4 PagesWhy was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand this issueRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It was an attempt to promote Protestant middle-class culture as a means of imposing order on a disorderly world†(Dumenil 226). However, this goal of keeping social order through not consuming alcohol, was not reached during the years of prohibition, or even the years following it. Alcohol use among Americans did decline, butRead MoreLowering the Drinking Age to 18 May Help Reduce Binge Drinking1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate of the drinking age has been long discussed throughout America. The drinking age has been 21 for the last 22 years, and people around the country have wondered weather or not this was the right call. People say that 18 year olds may not be mature enough to drink alcohol and might not know when to stop. It isn’t that teenagers don’t know how to stop, but rather have not been properly taught when enough has been consumed or how to drink responsibly. Changing the drinking age from 21 to

The Road By Cormac Mccarthy - 1531 Words

Isolation is one of the most severe forms of punishment that anyone could be faced with. Cormac McCarthy shows the reaction isolation had on the characters in The Road. The Road, by Cormac McCarthy, follows an unnamed father and son as they travel towards the coast in search of safety after the world has been destroyed by a catastrophe. As they travel the road, the father has to protect his son from the threat of strangers, starvation, exposure and harsh weather. In The Road, Cormac McCarthy shows how humans react to isolation by when the man leaves others to suffer, taking drastic measures and when the man kills other men. McCarthy shows how the man reacts to isolation when he leaves other men to suffer. As the man and the boy were walking on the road, a man approaches them in harsh conditions saying he was struck by lightning. The boy immediately asks his father to help the man knowing he will die if he is left untreated. But in fear of their security, the man denied his son. †Å"The boy kept looking back. ‘Papa?’ he whispered. ‘What is wrong with the man?’ ‘He s been struck by lightning’ says the man. ‘Can’t we help him? Papa?’ said the boy. ‘No. We can’t help him.’ The man refused. The boy kept pulling at his coat. ‘Papa? Can’t we help him?’ said the boy. ‘No. We can’t help him! There s nothing to be done for him’ the man said† (pg. 50, McCarthy). The boy is worried for the man who was struck and wants to help him, but the man doesn’t care about the other man. The manShow MoreRelatedThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1009 Words   |  5 PagesL’Heureux II, John Lang and Lit Year 2 2/10/2017 Written Task 2 Title of the text for analysis: The Road by Cormac McCarthy,2006 Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 4- Literature, a critical study Prescribed question: How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose? My critical response will: ââ€"  Show how the text conforms to the post-apocalyptic genre. ââ€"  Show how resources, including basics such as food and water, are a scarcityRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1584 Words   |  7 Pagestime can be unbearable if one is stripped of the most basic necessities. Such an event can greatly affect the behaviour of a person, as well as the ability to distinguish right from wrong. But like the boy and his father in the novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy they stuck to their morals to overcome the hardships they face. The novels recurring themes such as companionship, survival, and good versus evil, prove that a persons moral standards could change in a time of need. Companionship plays anRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy is set in an apocalyptic world filled with hopelessness, mental fatigue, and few instances of happiness. Throughout the story, the man and the boy are looking for hope in anything and everything. Unfortunately every turn they take they continue to fall further into despair until they find a Coca-Cola. This soda has a unique meaning to the boy and the man. The Coca-Cola in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road symbolizes the world’s regression and gives hope to the man and boy byRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2405 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 26, 2016 The Road by Cormac McCarthy and its View of Parental Love and Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World The boy s father tells him My job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? (McCarthy The Road) this sends such a powerful message about instinct, hope, and paternal love. These words so passionately from the lips of the father perfectly describes Cormac McCarthy s story of The Road and the power a father sRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy968 Words   |  4 Pagescompassion in the toughest of situations, and leads us toward paths of peace. In this essay, examples will be drawn from Zak Ibrahim s keynote presentation, The Road by Cormac McCarthy, Beautiful Boy; a film directed by Shawn Ku, and Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut. The loss of a loved one can help us find compassion. In The Road by Cormac McCarthy, the boy is the most compassionate person in the whole novel. At the end of the novel, when the boy s father dies, the boy is not thinking about hisselfRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1310 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The Road† written by Cormac McCarthy is a novel which uses a large variety of different language features to shape the reader s reaction and leading the readers into thinking the idea that our current world really is fallible.â€Å"The road† is about a strong loving relationship between the father and son. Which is shown on every page of the novel. They are fighting for survival in this apocalyptic world of humanity which is heading to an end. For anyone realising that our world is fallible is quiteRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1281 Words   |  5 PagesTitle of the Work: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: September 26, 2006 (September 26, 2006) Genre: Novel Historical information about the Setting: The novel takes place in the Southeastern part of United States. The characters take a journey, passing Texas, the post-apocalyptic landscape. During this time the novel is taken place, the country was experiencing depression and poverty. When McCarthy was writing this book, he was thinking about the future environment ofRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2062 Words   |  9 PagesReid Norberg Period 3 3/18/16 2016 AP Lodestar 1. Title: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: 2006 Genre: Post- apocalyptic fiction 2. The Road is a novel written by American author Cormac McCarthy. Although born in the North East, McCarthy was driven to the South West later in his life where he has since based most of his novels, including The Road. The Road tells a story of a man and his son in post apocalyptic America where the weather is winter-like and the ground isRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy a recurring theme in the story is gaining or losing hope. Throughout this story there are numerous instances and events that occur in which all seems lost at a dead end, but in those moment hope carries through and thrives. In this dystopian post apocalyptic world the man and boy are fighting to stay alive while keeping their humanity as well as searching for what humanity is left in this kill or be killed cannibalistic planet. As their time journeying down the road increasesRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2128 Words   |  9 PagesEverything is suddenl y amplified and survival automatically becoming a key component to most. So what else can actually matters? Relationships are lost, but some may grow stronger. Ethics are tested, and beliefs suddenly change. In the novel, The Road by Cormac McCarthy, begins with America - or assuming the whole world- had gone through a unpredictable apocalypse. Combining what is left of the society and the world falling dangerously apart, it has caused them to go through many dangers to survive. Through

The Possibility of Evil Advice Is Not Always Helpful Free Essays

`In the short story â€Å"The Possibility of Evil† by Shirley Jackson, the readers are reminded through Miss Strangeworth’s character that even though one’s intentions may be to help another person, their advice is not always appreciated. Miss Strangeworth is a very well respected person in the small town she lives in. She is always happy and willing to talk to everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on The Possibility of Evil: Advice Is Not Always Helpful or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the short story, she sends anonymous letters to people with advice in hope to make the town a peaceful place. One of the letters is sent to Mr. Lewis, claiming that his grandson is stealing money from the family run store register (Jackson 5). Her intention is to help Mr. Lewis realize that someone might be taking money from the store’s register and she simply wants to make him aware of the theft taking place in the store. She is trying to diminish the evil in the town by offering her advice to and knowledge to Mr. Lewis about things which might be going on in the store; she has a positive intention to help the people in her town. She also writes a letter to Linda Stewart’s parents telling them about Linda’s possible relationship with Harris (Jackson 5).Her intention is to get Linda’s parents aware of what is going on in Linda’s life and how Harris may not be a good influence in their daughter’s life, her purpose for sending these letters are good. Another letter in which she is trying to be helpful is sent to Helen Crane, telling her how there might be something wrong with her child (Jackson 5). Again, Miss Strangworth is just trying to be helpful by offering advice to a worried mother who is concerned about her child. This again proves that Miss Strangworth has good intentions behind her letters because she is trying to solve all the problems which exist in the town.She does not think about the problems which she may create because of the letters she sends. Even though Miss Strangeworth is giving advice to the people in her town, her advice is more harmful than helpful, which shows that sometimes, advice is better kept to oneself. The letter she sends to Mr. Lewis about his grandson stealing from his store is meant to help him but it does the opposite, it makes him very upset and stressed (Jackson 1). Miss Strangeworth has good intentions for sending the letter to Mr. Lewis, she wants to tell him about the possibility about theft in his store, but the etter just gets Mr. Lewis stressed and it gets him worried about something he may have never given a second thought before. Her letter to Linda’s parents about Harris also causes more harm than good (Jackson 8). Linda’s parents never thought about her relationship with Harris and everything was normal before they received the letter, however, a lot of problems arose after they saw Miss Strangworth’s letter. Linda’s parents, Linda and Harris, all get very upset over the letter and over her father’s decisions about restricting her from seeing Harris.She creates a vast problem in their family by interfering with issues which did not concern her at all by trying to help them. Lastly, her letter to Helen Crane about her child also creates unnecessary stress in Helen’s life (Jackson 5). Miss Strangworth tries to offer her advice about how her child may not be normal. All the letters she sends are based completely on her own assumption and she possesses no facts to prove what she writes in her letters. Therefore, she is creating unnecessary drama by interfering in people’s lives and getting them worried about things could have been avoided.Thus, her advice is not helping the people in the town like it’s meant to, but it is in fact creating more harm to the people. It is ironic how she is trying to solve all the evil in the town by sending letters to people offering them advice, but those letters are what are creating most of the evil in the town. Miss Strangeworth’s actions and people’s reactions regarding the letters prove that advice does not always help people and it is possible that it can do the opposite of what it is meant to, How to cite The Possibility of Evil: Advice Is Not Always Helpful, Papers

Science Fair free essay sample

Did you know that â€Å"freezer burn† means that when thousands of water molecules form ice crystals they prefer the most hospitable place which is the coldest place in your freezer. Then the molecules migrate mostly the side of your freezer the loss of the water molecules makes the food become dehydrated. Freezer burn affects your food like makes it mushy, have a different texture, affects the color, and the taste. Why does freezer burn happen, most likely because your food is not tightly wrapped or not covered enough causing the water molecules to escape. Also, your food should not be in the freezer to long there is a limit on how long the items are to be in the freezer. After a while the water molecules will find their way out of the frozen food. If the temperature is above 0 degrees F your food will get freezer burn because the temperature is to warm. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Fair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When water molecules escape from your food oxygen molecules can change the color and the flavor of your food. Food that has freezer burn is safe to eat but some of it tastes strange and stale. Aluminum foil is very useful to mankind for wrapping something, keeping something warm, and for keeping things cold. Aluminum foil is mad by repeated thinning of a large block of aluminum. Then they begin melting the aluminum in gas furnace which takes 3-8 hours. After is has been melted they run it through a moveable machine to mix it around. The next step is the aluminum is crushed by hot rollers until it is 2 inches in width, then they use a knife to remove a thin piece which is small enough to make aluminum foil. Aluminum foil is also used for construction, air conditioners, radios televisions, decorative products and many other things. Aluminum foil is inexpensive, its chemical proof, provides electric, and also uses less waste than many other materials. Aluminum is used in very large amounts, and today there are seven major producers of aluminum in the United States. The word â€Å"plastic† comes from the Greek word plastikos meaning able to be shaped. Plastic is used for many different things and can be shaped and formed into almost anything. Plastic is one of the most useful man-made products that were ever created. In plastic there are polymers which are long chains of molecules which form a link. There are over a hundred different plastics which can replace almost anything like metal, paper, wood, stone, etc. There are two basic types of plastic thermosetting and thermoplastics. Thermosetting plastics can’t be remelted or reshaped if it does there will be a chemical reaction. Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped their polymer chains don’t form cross links. Thermoplastics are used much more then thermosetting because their easier to work with and you can do more with them. Plastics are made by synthetic resins which are made from petroleum some are made from other sources as well. Some chemical industries produce the resins then sell them to companies that make plastic. The seven main processes to shape plastics are molding, casting, extrusion, calendering, laminating, foaming, and thermoforming. Freezer paper is used to store food in the freezer for long periods of time, one side is paper and the other side is a light coating of plastic that melts like wax. I couldn’t find any info. On freezer paper I don’t know where to look.

The Japanese American No-No Boys in World War II

The Japanese American No-No Boys in World War II To understand who the No-No Boys were, it’s first necessary to understand the events of World War II. The United States government’s decision to place more than 110,000 individuals of Japanese origin into internment camps without cause during the war marks one of the most disgraceful chapters in American history. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, nearly three months after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. At the time, the federal government argued that separating Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans from their homes and livelihoods was a necessity because such people posed a national security threat, as they were supposedly likely to conspire with the Japanese empire to plan additional attacks on the U.S. Today historians agree that racism and xenophobia against people of Japanese ancestry following the Pearl Harbor attack prompted the executive order. After all, the United States was also at odds with Germany and Italy during World War II, but the federal government did not order mass internment of Americans of German and Italian origin. Unfortunately, the federal government’s egregious actions did not end with the forced evacuation of Japanese Americans. After depriving these Americans of their civil rights, the government then asked them to fight for the country. While some agreed in hopes of proving their loyalty to the U.S., others refused. They were known as No-No Boys. Vilified at the time for their decision, today No-No Boys are largely viewed as heroes for standing up to a government that deprived them of their freedom. A Survey Tests Loyalty The No-No Boys received their name by answering no to two questions on a survey given to Japanese Americans forced into concentration camps. Question #27 asked: â€Å"Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty, wherever ordered?† Question #28 asked: â€Å"Will you swear unqualified allegiances to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or other foreign government, power or organization?† Outraged that the U.S. government demanded that they vow loyalty to the country after flagrantly violating their civil liberties, some Japanese Americans refused to enlist in the armed forces. Frank Emi, an internee at the Heart Mountain camp in Wyoming, was one such young man. Angered that his rights had been trampled on, Emi and a half-dozen other Heart Mountain internees formed the Fair Play Committee (FPC) after receiving draft notices. The FPC declared in March 1944: â€Å"We, the members of the FPC, are not afraid to go to war. We are not afraid to risk our lives for our country. We would gladly sacrifice our lives to protect and uphold the principles and ideals of our country as set forth in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, for on its inviolability depends the freedom, liberty, justice, and protection of all people, including Japanese Americans and all other minority groups. But have we been given such freedom, such liberty, such justice, such protection? NO!† Punished for Standing Up For refusing to serve, Emi, his fellow FPC participants, and more than 300 internees at 10 camps were prosecuted. Emi served 18 months in a federal penitentiary in Kansas. The bulk of No-No Boys faced three-year sentences in a federal penitentiary. In addition to felony convictions, internees who refused to serve in the military faced a backlash in Japanese American communities. For example, leaders of the Japanese American Citizens League characterized draft resisters as disloyal cowards and blamed them for giving the American public the idea that Japanese Americans were unpatriotic. For resisters such as Gene Akutsu, the backlash took a tragic personal toll. While he only answered no to Question #27- that he would not serve in the U.S. armed forces on combat duty wherever ordered- he ultimately ignored the draft noticed received, resulting in him serving more than three years in a federal prison in Washington state. He left prison in 1946, but that wasn’t soon enough for his mother. The Japanese American community ostracized her- even telling her not to show up at church- because Akutsu and another son dared defy the federal government. â€Å"One day it all got to her and she took her life,† Akutsu told American Public Media (APM) in 2008. â€Å"When my mother passed away, I refer to that as a wartime casualty.â€Å" President Harry Truman pardoned all of the wartime draft resisters in December 1947. As a result, the criminal records of the young Japanese American men who refused to serve in the military were cleared. Akutsu told APM he wished his mother had been around to hear Truman’s decision. â€Å"If she had only lived one more year longer, we would have had a clearance from the president saying that we are all okay and you have all your citizenship back,† he explained. â€Å"That’s all she was living for.† The Legacy of the No-No Boys The 1957 novel No-No Boy by John Okada captures how Japanese American draft-resisters suffered for their defiance. Although Okada himself actually answered yes to both queries on the loyalty questionnaire, enlisting in the Air Force during World War II, he spoke with a No-No Boy named Hajime Akutsu after completing his military service and was moved enough by Akutsu’s experiences to tell his story.​ The book has immortalized the emotional turmoil that No-No Boys endured for making a decision that is now largely viewed as heroic. The shift in how No-No Boys are perceived is in part due to the federal government’s acknowledgment in 1988 that it had wronged Japanese Americans by interning them without cause. Twelve years later, the JACL apologized for widely vilifying draft resisters. In November 2015, the musical Allegiance, which chronicles a No-No Boy, debuted on Broadway.

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know it’s possible to totally delete a set of ACT scores you don’t like? Poof - just like that. A bad set of ACT scores can vanish. This isn't a well known fact, and in fact we were surprised to discover it ourselves. But it has big implications for how you test, especially if you're afraid of taking the test too many times because it'll look bad to colleges. We will explain how to delete ACT scores and discuss in which circumstances it might make sense. Read on for an exclusive guide to getting rid of bad ACT scores. What Does Deleting an ACT Test Score Do? Deleting a test record means you are completely erasing the scores from a particular test date. This includes both the overall composite score and the individual section scores. (For more on ACT scoring, see our post.) If you do this, those scores will be permanently deleted and you will never see them again. You also won’t get a refund for that test date. This is different from canceling scores – canceling stops the ACT from grading a particular test (students usually do this if they get sick or really struggle on test day). This means the scores never even exist because the test was never graded. For scores to be deleted, the test obviously has to be graded and scored first. We'll talk about some reasons students might delete an ACT test record below. Why Would You Delete an ACT Test Record? Basically, if you have an ACT score you’re unhappy with and don’t want colleges to see, you can delete it. Again, keep in mind you’re forfeiting the money you spent to get that score if you do this. This gets you around the requirement some colleges have to send all of your existing standardized test scores. For example, both Stanford and Yale require applicants to send all scores they have from the ACT or SAT. â€Å"Official scores from all test dates must be sent to Stanford directly from the ACT or the College Board (the reporting agency for the SAT) or both if the applicant has taken the ACT and the SAT. Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency," says Stanford on their admissions site. â€Å"You must report the scores of all of the SATs and any SAT Subject Tests you have taken, or all of the ACTs and ACT Writing Tests that you’ve taken," says Yale. However, if you delete an ACT score, it will no longer exist – making it impossible to send. I spoke with someone at the ACT who confirmed that colleges will not see scores you have deleted. Is this a bit of a sneaky workaround? Maybe. But if the ACT gives you the option to delete your test scores, there is nothing wrong with your using that service. By accepting the ACT as a standardized test, colleges have to also accept the ACT’s score policies, including score deletion. ACT Test Scores You Can't Delete Even though deleting ACT scores is possible in some cases, keep the following exceptions in mind. First, you can’t delete every possibleACT score you have. Specifically, you can’t delete scores associated with state or district tests. This is because those scores aren’t just for you, they’re used to evaluate your school and district. Furthermore, if you take the ACT as part of district testing, you didn’t pay for it. The ACT says students have the right to delete their scores because â€Å"students own their test scores.† In short, deleting only applies to testing that you paid for. A map showing the states that use the ACT as part of their testing. Image via ACT State Services. Second, deleting a test record won’t do anything about scores that have already been sent to colleges. So if you had your scores sent to colleges right after you took the ACT, you can't get those reports back. In fact, we recommend that you not send those four free score reports that come with your ACT registration because they’re sent before you know your score, which is pretty risky. Should You Delete Your ACT Scores? Don’t delete a test record before you’re sure of a few things. You don't want to act too quickly and completely lose a test record forever before you're positive you want it deleted. First, Where Are You Applying? Some schools, for example MIT, don’t require applicants to send all of their scores. â€Å"Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice as well," they say on their admissions site. Harvard has the same policy: â€Å"You are free to use the College Board Score Choice option or the similar option offered by the ACT.† If you are only applying to schools that allow you to use score choice – or in other words to only send your best scores – you don’t have to worry about deleting bad ACT scores. To see if a school allows score choice, search for the â€Å"Standardized Testing† page on their application website. Schools will specify there if they want all of your scores or if they’ll let you use score choice. If the info isn't on the standardized testing page, check the Frequently Asked Questions. Also stay tuned for our post about which schools require all scores. Second, How Low is Low? In case you are applying to schools that require you to submit all scores, or even if you have a score you don’t think you would send if you had the choice, you should decide if that score is really too low to keep. See our guide to good, bad, and excellent ACT scores to see if the score you’re worried about is in range for your target schools. Don’t delete a score unless you’re positive it’s bad. This is especially true if your composite was lower than you wanted, but you had some high section scores. It’s possible that on a retake you could get a higher composite but have certain section scores go down, and you might want colleges to see those high section scores. For example, say your first ACT composite was a 26 but you had a 34 on the Math section. If you retake the ACT and get to a 32 composite but your math score is 30 the second time around, you would lose that high math score. Think carefully before deleting a set of ACT scores with any high section scores. Third, Don't Delete Your Score Too Quickly Do not delete your ACT score until you already have achieved a higher score on a retake. If you delete your score before you retake the ACT, what happens if you get an even lower score on the retake? Then you have lost your higher score and can’t get it back. The best case then would be to retake the ACT a third time, costing you more time and money. There is no rush on deleting your scores, so focus on retaking the ACT and getting a higher score before you worry about deleting a low score. Patience isn't only a virtue... it can save you time and money. Fourth, When Did You Take the ACT? If you took the ACT for a talent competition or other program in middle school or earlier, you don't have to delete those scores, even if they’re super low. Colleges are only concerned with standardized testing you took while in high school. If anything, participation in early talent programs will look good on college applications, so you have no need to delete a score from an ACT back in middle school. So How Do You Actually Delete an ACT Record? To delete a test record, you simply have to submit a written request to ACT. Provide your name and home address and state you wish to delete a test record. Mail the request to: ACT Institutional Services P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, IA 52243-0168 USA ACT will then mail you a form to complete and return. After you submit the form, the test record will then be permanently deleted from ACT’s records. There is no additional cost for this – however, you are forfeiting whatever you paid to take the ACT on that test date. What’s Next? Have an ACT score you’re not proud of? We have resources to help you prepare to knock your retake out of the park. Start by reading a guide to a perfect ACT score by our 36 full-scorer. Even if you're not going for a perfect score, these study principles can help you make the improvements you need to get a higher ACT score. Get strategies for reading ACT science passages, concepts you need to master ACT English, and learn how to stop running out of time on ACT Math. We recommend taking at least one full-length, strictly-timed ACT practice test to get used to the test format and build your stamina. Get links to free, official tests here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Existentialism - Essay Example Furthermore, the essence of incorporating the concepts of existentialism has adverse effects in life especially when there is less understanding of the mitigating beliefs of deaths. Moreover, it should be noted that the use of concepts helps in understanding the goals and aspirations of people and the state to attain happiness. There are several interesting issues pertaining to existentialism in the context of ethics and morality. Therefore, ethics in the view of existentialism includes the recommendation of concepts of wrong conduct and its succeeding concepts. On that account, there are different operational areas of ethics in the way that they apply in existentialism. This is in the form of the individual choices that people make especially in their conducts and rights in life. Morality on the other hand deals with the differentiation of actions, decisions and actions that determine whether something is either right or wrong. Similarly, it also reflects on the ethics of doing well in society that has varied choices in life (Earnshaw 177). Therefore, existentialism as noted by Jean Sartre on responsibility is based on the concepts such as the absurd, facticity and authenticity among others. This means that people are expected to live in accordance with the individual self without compromising on others rights and freedoms. Furthermore, there is also the aspect of the absurd that deals with deriving meaning from the structures of life especially in the maintenance of morality and ethics. There is also the perspective nihilism that explores the philosophical doctrines of life’s meanings and its objective meaning. On that account, there is existential nihilism that makes attempts at deducing meaning of life in terms of purpose, intrinsic value and meaning. Additionally, there is also the voice of moral nihilists who affirm the absence of morality in the realms of existence. They also insist that knowledge of what is wrong and right remains with the moral decisions of the individual especially on the given conditions of life. Therefore, according to Nietzsche, nihilism is the complete definition of emptying the world in order to find its meaning, essential value and comprehensible value (Earnshaw 174). By saying God is Dead; Nietzsche meant that there was over-reliance on religion to gain a moral understanding for the western world. On that account, in relation to absurdity as described by Camus, life is devoid of meaning and is defined by meaninglessness. Camus believes that life is characterized by absurdity that should not be defined by an over-reliance on God. However, there is also authenticity that pertains with discovering the self and living to those standards. This means people should avoid the acts of imitation in going about their duties on the grounds of finding a purpose in life. However, it differs from sincerity and honesty in the sense that there is no compatibility of goals in life. In other words, these two goals hi ghlight the case of finding for an authentic life that is closer to self-freedom. Freedom in this sense is defined in context of determining a uniqueness that is paramount in existing with others. Alternatively, it is not crucial to be a crowd-follower as espoused by Heidegger in the quest for a strong individuality. Instead, one should create his own path that is not controlled by the conventions of life such as normal morals and ethics (Earnshaw 173). Additionally, authenticity

Fashion and False Hype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion and False Hype - Essay Example What do you plan to accomplish with this essay? What do you hope the reader takes away from this argument? This is intended to illuminate the truth behind the fascination of fashion trends and fashion industry. During the research for this Rogerian essay, I came across with some critical aspects regarding the social inequality and individual’s social behaviour in which fashion plays a significant role. I aimed to deliver the grave negative factors which fashion industry implies on society. 2. What did you learn from completing this assignment? Did you experience a new understanding of the topic? Did you change your perspective after completing the research? I learnt about the ideals of modernity which is highly constructed on the bases of the principle of equality. In addition, I was exposed to the social role of fashion in our lives which have significantly negative impact on our society. Most importantly, I found the alternative ways to spend money rather on following fashio n trends and wasting too much money on fashion wears. 3. What difficulties did you encounter during the research, writing, or editing phases of the assignment? There were few difficulties mainly in the understanding of the criticality which this argument contains. The biggest reason is my presuppositions about fashion and fashion industry which were well conforming to the developed stature of fashion. The deliverance of the argument in which fashion leads to self centric thinking in writing was a challenging task for me. 4. What did you enjoy about this assignment? The most interesting factor in this assignment was the involvement of both, supporting arguments and the critiques. The aspects which are the positive aspects of fashion are, on the other hand, have negative aspects which are more intense than the positive implications. 5. What made you decide to write about this particular topic?  Is this a topic that you are discussing in another course?  Is this a topic that concer ns you in particular? As we all know that fashion is one of the most important parts of our lives. My interest in fashion leads me to explore about it and the research made me develop the argument against fashion and fashion industry. I am immensely concerned with fashion which made me chose this topic for this assignment. 6. Is there anything else you would like for me to know before reading your essay? It poses an intense critique regarding fashion in contemporary world and it largely deals with social and humanistic aspects which are associated with fashion and fashion industry. [Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] [Date] Fashion and False Hype Introduction and Claim Fashion has become one of the most necessary industries in the contemporary world of modern age. Numerous trends in fashion are being acquired by millions of individuals in concordance with their regions, religions and cultures. Almost every single individual in this world aims to appear good and attractive. This desire of millions is fulfilled with those trends of fashion which are produced by the global fashion industry. From a child to teenager and from a young adult to middle aged individual, every single individual spends large amounts on meeting the fashion trends in the contemporary times. As fashion has become an essential part of today’s life, there are numerous negative aspects which are associated with the fashion industry. It consumes a good amount of time and money to keep one’s self updated with the latest trends of fashion along with the unjust which is associated with the labours working in the fashion industry (Cross 155-161). Despite the fact that fashion has become an essential part of the contemporary life but the number of negative aspects involved in fashion propose that the importance of

Damning Guilt in Macbeth Essay -- Free Macbeth Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both main characters in the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth meet unfortunate ends, with this due in part at least to the huge burden of guilt which they must carry through most of the drama. In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye sees a relationship between Macbeth's guilt and his hallucinations: The future moment is the moment of guilt, and it imposes on one, until it is reached, the intolerable strain of remaining innocent. [. . .] Macbeth's capacity for seeing things that may or may not be there is almost limitless, and the appearance of the mousetrap play to Claudius, though more easily explained, has the same dramatic point as the appearance of Banquo's ghost. (90) Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" asserts that Lady Macbeth was unconscious of her guilt, which nevertheless killed her:    A very able article, published some years ago in the National Review, on the character of Lady Macbeth, insists much upon an opinion that she died of remorse, as some palliation of her crimes, and mitigation of our detestation of them. That she died of wickedness would be, I think, a juster verdict. Remorse is consciousness of guilt . . . and that I think Lady Macbeth never had; though the unrecognized pressure of her great guilt killed her. (116-17)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the guilt and ambition of Lady Macbeth and their effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal ye... ...1957.    Frye, Northrop. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1967.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

360-Degree Feedback in the Appraisal Process †the Present Need for Banks in India

360-DEGREE FEEDBACK IN THE APPRAISAL PROCESS – THE PRESENT NEED FOR BANKS IN INDIA * Dr. J. SRINIVASAN Introduction Tremendous changes have taken place world-wide in the last decade. These changes have had a strong impact on service sectors in India. The world is very different today from what it was a decade ago. Today’s corporate world can be characterized as highly competitive, technology and systems-driven, customer-centered, quick, cost and quality conscious, to survive, one has to compete with those who have technological advantages, financial advantage, systems advantages, communication advantages, and above all, those with people advantage. Success of the individual in the work place demands collaborative relationships with superior, colleagues and subordinates, and can seldom be adequately assessed solely by the superior. Further, an individual’s personal development process requires objective and constructive feedback on one’s strength and weaknesses. The 360-degree feedback or Multi-rater assessment has become a worldwide phenomenon. It was extensively used as the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad in India form mid eighties though the term 360-degree feedback was coined in USA in early nineties. This tool has become a popular change management tool and leadership competence-building tool. This is evident from the increase in the number of Indian companies adopting it. Performance appraisal has come to occupy a pivotal place in human resource function. The traditional merit rating which focused on personality traits was replaced by performance appraisal with focus on work results. In order to make appraisal more __________ * Assistant Professor of Commerce, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar – 604 407. E-mail: [email  protected] co. in objective, transparent and participative, concepts such as self-appraisal, pear appraisal, subordinate appraisal and appraisal by customers both internal and external were introduced. Meaning 60-degree feedback is a process by which an individual gets his/her aggregated feedback from different categories of individuals- seniors (boss, reporting officer, reviewing officer), subordinates, direct and indirect reporters, peers (colleagues and internal customers), external customers and suppliers, and other role/set members with whom he/she is interacting. The 360-degree feedback process is an importan t development to enrich human resources, organizational development and training and development. Traditional performance assessment has generally been limited by the perspective of the immediate reporting and reviewing superiors. In contrast, the 360-degree feedback broadens the canvas dramatically. It provides a wider and more realistic forum for frank evaluation by direct reports, peers and others, resulting in new motivation and direction for the people. As a result of this, people can move towards company’s goals more quickly and with greater precision. Though people may express initial apprehension of being assessed by superiors, subordinates, colleagues and others, in actual practice many prefer to be assessed by a group who see their performance from a variety of perspectives, rather than from the limited perspective of their immediate superiors. They find 360-degree feedback as more accurate and fair. The 360-degree feedback process involves collecting perceptions about a person’s behaviour and the impact of that behaviour from the person’s superiors, direct reports, colleagues, fellow members of project teams, internal and external customers, and suppliers. Multi-source feedback encourages openness and raises expectation, leading people to believe the organizational values, continuous learning and honesty. The 360-degree feedback process should be integrated with the strategic perspective measures derived from the balance scorecard framework. Most organizations appear to be using this process for: ? Leadership development (implementing their leadership models or reinforcing the same) ? Individual growth and development ? Competency building ? Rarely or never for: Performance Appraisals, rewards and recognition, collecting data on employees, succession planning and career development. Considerations before starting 360 degree feedback 1. Purpose It is important that people are clear about why this process is being used and what it is being used for. The purpose needs to be clearly and consistently communicated to all those involved. 2. Culture Organizations need to consider whether the organisational culture supports this process and allows open feedback. The 360-degree feedback process relies heavily on the inputs of others so participants and raters need to feel comfortable and supported when taking part in this process. 3. Timing Identifying when to introduce 360 degree feedback is an important consideration. It is not appropriate to introduce it during periods of downturn or when redundancies or re-organizations have been announced. During these periods, staffs are more likely to be feeling threatened and concerned about the organization’s intentions and therefore resistant to new feedback processes. 4. Roll out Consider having a senior manager acting as a sponsor or champion of 360-degree feedback. This can greatly enhance its success and generate buy-in in to the process. It is also important to involve staff as early as possible in the implementation of 360-degree feedback as it prevents secrecy and the feeling that this has been imposed on them. 5. Confidentiality It is important to guarantee confidentiality for participants – both subjects and raters. Make sure the model you are using ensures this happens so that the feedback is not attributable to individual raters. The 360 degree process 1. Self-assessment Self-assessment encourages the individual to take responsibility for his or her own development and is a useful starting point in the 360-degree feedback process. Consideration needs to be given to the purpose of this information and how it is used as well as who has access to this data and how long is it held for. . The raters Identifying the most appropriate people to rate the performance of the individual is a key part of the process. Ideally the recipient will have full involvement in identifying who they think is in the best position to comment on their performance. The raters must be credible to the recipient for them to act on the resulting feedback. 2. 1 Number of raters The assessment has to be based on a large enough samp le to ensure that it is valid. If too small, there is a danger that one rater’s view will have a major impact on the overall results. to 12 respondents are usually sufficient in terms of reliability. 3 The questionnaire The design of the assessment, reporting and feedback process should suit the purpose of the exercise. It needs to describe the behaviours, which relate to actual job performance. It should relate to existing measurement systems within your area, such as competencies. It also needs to be in line with City’s culture and values. The questionnaire needs to be relevant to the raters and their day-to-day involvement with the individual. A well-designed questionnaire should offer respondents the opportunity to indicate where they have not had the opportunity to observe behaviour, or where the behaviour is not relevant to the job, so as not to force them to guess. Ideally the questionnaire should take between 15 and 30 minutes to complete. 3. 1 Qualitative and quantitative data The most effective questionnaire design is one that encompasses both quantitative as well as qualitative elements. The quantitative elements provide the structure and the qualitative questions provide the context. Feedback strategy It is important to consider what feedback is communicated and how and when this takes place. 4. 1 Feedback report Feedback usually consists of a report. The design of the report should be kept simple and ideally designed to help the individual priorities their relative strengths and development areas. Given that an individual is receiving sensitive information about how their colleagues, direct reports and manager vi ew their performance, sensitivity is essential. Someone must be available to help interpret the results with that person. . 2 Trained facilitators As 360-degree feedback is being used as part of the appraisal process, feedback is communicated face to face. The people giving the feedback (appraisers) must have had the relevant training to give them the skills to support this process. 4. 3 When feedback is communicated Ideally the individual receives feedback as soon as possible after that feedback has been collated. It is important to ensure that people receive it when there is support available to interpret the results e. g. s part of a supportive appraisal process. 3. Evaluation 3. 1 Purpose Evaluating the impact of 360-degree feedback is an important part of determining its success. This is especially important if you have piloted this process and are considering rolling it out to other areas and/or are repeating the process. 3. 2 Measures Impact can be measured at both the organi sational and individual level. This can include following up with participants about their views on the process as well as measuring the impact it had on their development plans. On an organisational level, monitoring key performance indicators will determine whether targets have been met more closely following the introduction of 360-degree feedback. Implementation of 360-Degree Feedback Process in Banks The implementation is typically done by: ? Creating acceptance of the process with the individual to be evaluated. ? Conducting a self-evaluation with the individuals. ? Identifying the appropriate number of persons who will participate in the 360-degree feedback process. ? Conducting the evaluations with the employees, superiors, peers and subordinates. Analyzing the collected information to identify consensus on strength and weakness of the evaluated individuals. ? Meeting with the evaluated individuals to discuss the 360-degree feedback results and to develop a self-development plan to overcome personal deficiencies to meet the challenges. ? Conducting periodic evaluations of the individual. Objectives of 360-degree feedback or Multi-rater Appraisal and F eedback System (MAFs) The assessment is made on a questionnaire specially designed to measure leadership styles, managerial qualities, impact and other behaviors considered critical for performance. Such feedback from multiple sources provides a credible picture and can be used for various purposes like: †¢ Providing insights into the strengths and developmental areas of the candidate in terms of the effective performance of roles, activities, styles, traits, qualities, competencies (knowledge, attitudes and skills), impact on others etc. †¢ Enhancing role clarity and establishing increased accountabilities. †¢ Identification of developmental needs and preparing development plans more objectively in relation to the current or future roles and performance improvements for an individual or a group of individuals. Leadership Development. †¢ Generating data for various personnel decisions (provided it is decided initially that the feedback is not meant only for the person but also to be shared completely with the organization) †¢ Culture building and reinforcing other change management efforts and organization effectiveness directed interventions. This may i nclude: TQM efforts, Customer focus or internal customer satisfaction enhancing interventions, Flat structures, Quality enhancing and cost reducing interventions, process changes etc. †¢ Aligning individual and group goals with organizational vision, values and goals. Planning internal customer satisfaction improvement measures. This review generally supplements the traditional appraisal system and does not replace it. Benefits of 360-Degree Feedback 360-Degree feedback offers several advantages. Some of these include:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benefits to Banks: †¢ It provides a more objective and acceptable feedback. †¢ Very effective for developing leadership and other competencies considered critical for performing various Leadership and Managerial roles effectively. †¢ Serves as a team-building tool as it is more involving and participative †¢ Promotes a culture of openness Promotes total quality with emphasis on internal and external customer orientation â⠂¬ ¢ Results in better quality of HR decisions for training and rewards †¢ Helps in identification of competency gaps and planning development interventions †¢ It is a good supplement to normal appraisals but not a substitute to them. Benefits to the individual: †¢ Serves as a team-building tool as it is more involving and participative †¢ Helps to ascertain if your impact on others within the organization is in the desired manner/direction †¢ Enhances self-awareness Helps discover strengths, weaknesses and blind spots †¢ Provides direction for change and development †¢ Focuses attention on actions and behaviours valued by others; thereby improving work relations †¢ Helps discover areas where you have not yet made a significant impact. Ingredients for the Success of 360-Degree Feedback in Banks 360-degree feedback systems can be very sensitive. A person who is not well prepared for it can be thrown out of balance. If not designed and conducted well, it has the potential danger of developing wrong perceptions or notions. It is therefore necessary and important to manage the process well and make it foolproof. The first important step is to determine if the organization is ready for it. The second important step is to determine if the candidate is ready for it. The following are the indicators of a Bank’s readiness for 360-Degree Feedback. †¢ The top management of the bank is committed to develop the competencies of employees on a continuous basis. †¢ HRD systems operating in the bank being taken seriously in implementation. †¢ The top management is willing to invest their time and effort in giving feedback to their own subordinates. The top management is adequately committed to competency-building through 360-Degree Feedback. †¢ People take feedback supportively and use it for development. †¢ The Bank already is or is in the process of becoming a customer-driven organization. †¢ The HRD department has a high degree of credibility. The following are indicators to a ssess the readiness of a candidate for the 360-Degree Feedback: ? The candidate has a desire to know himself through the eyes of others. ? The candidate desire to be better. ? The candidate should be a learning-oriented individual. The candidate is receptive and respects the views of others. TVRLS Experience with 360-Degree Feedback TVRLS has covered over 3000 top-level managers so far from various organizations involving around 30,000 assessors. Research conducted by them to study the effectiveness of 360-degree feedback in enhancing overall effectiveness of top & senior management shows the following predominant changes: | » |They begin to focus more on leadership roles such as: | |   |* |Articulating vision and sharing it more systematically |   |* |Spending more time on communicating vision & goals | |   |* |Being more developmental as against benevolent or critical | |   |* |Paying more attention to and showing concern for individual needs rather than being preoccupi ed with one’s | | | |own ideas and issues. |   | | » |Enhanced Internal customer orientation, which is indicated by: | |   |* |Better interaction with colleagues and subordinates | |   |* |Learning from colleagues and benefiting from their experiences | |   |* |Building better rapport with seniors | | | | » |Increased focus on fostering team spirit which gets reflected in terms of: | |   |* |Setting high goals for the team | |   |* |More participative management | |   |* |Better conflict management | |   |* |Higher mutuality and more receptive to feedback | |   |* |Increased sensitivity to others’ feelings | |   |* |Creating a more collaborative culture | |   |* |Cross-functional review mechanism getting instituted | |   | | » |Marked increase in delegation and subordinates’ development in terms of: | |   |* |Empowering subordinates to take higher responsibilities | |   |* |Leaving routine decisions to lower levels | |    |* |Not nterfering in matters being handled by subordinates | |   |* |Encouraging subordinates to learn from their mistakes and being patient with them | | | | » |Predominant behavioural changes have been reported in terms of: | |   |* |Becoming assertive | |   |* |Clear communication | |   |* |Higher initiative | |   |* |Being more patient | |   |* |Being more proactive | |   |* |Better time management | In terms of the impact on their unit/department/organization, participants who responded felt that the changes they demonstrated post feedback, have generated increased motivation especially among their subordinates. In addition, increased sensitivity to their managerial and leadership roles has resulted in better working relationships and, a more congenial atmosphere. How to prepare for implementing 360-Degree Feedback in Banks It takes a lot of trust in the bank and a lot of preparations before one can more from using 360-degree feedback strictly for development purposes to using it for taking decision on promotions and rewards. Most current literature on making 360-degree feedback effective as a tool for performance and leadership-style reviews has this to recommend. ? Begin with Development ? Link with Company Goal ? Train Everyone ? Follow Up ? Company Culture. Drawbacks Not every process is perfect and 360-degree feedback programs are no exception. Subordinates may rate bosses high because they are afraid of retaliation. Peers tend to evaluate each other’s positively well, perhaps to avoid disrupting the group. On the other hand, peers tend to rate their colleagues on the lower side. Nevertheless, the number of people and variety of perspectives involved in a 360-degree feedback process should ensure a generally unbiased and accurate view of a person’s performance. Conclusion A 360-degree feedback process in banks gathers information, usually through a questionnaire, about the performance of employees or managers from people all around them-including peers, subordinates and even customers. This type of multi-perspective evaluation is more complete and accurate than the traditional top-down evaluation. Superiors only see a portion of a manger’s performance. They need other perspectives to fill in the blanks. Subordinates can provide important information on the leadership qualities of a manager. Customers are in a better position, than anyone, to evaluate how employees perform with customers. A 360-degee feedback evaluation is also valuable because people do not act the same toward everyone. The interpersonal skills of a manager are probably more accurately reflected in feedback from subordinates or peers than in feedback from a manger’s superiors. Another important aspect of 360-degree feedback is the inclusion of self-evaluations. Ratings by others will probably be more accurate, but self-evaluations force employees and managers to sit down and think about their strength and weakness. Finally, 360-degree feedback evaluations have the advantage of confidentiality. Top-down evaluations are usually not confidential. Supervisors must be prepared to defend their evaluations, which may cause them to soften or in some way alter what they might have said anonymously. Since 360-degree feedback involves groups of raters, the results are anonymous. *********** References: 1. Jim Meade. â€Å"Visual 360: A Performance Appraisal System That’s Fun†, HR Magazine, July 1999, pp. 119-122. 2. Mishra, Shishir and Nandini Chawla. Deriving Training Needs from 360 Degree Feedback†, TVRLS, Ahmedabad, 2003. 3. Paras Mal Jain. â€Å"Human Resource Management in Banks†, IBA Bulletin, October 2004, Vol XXVI, No. 10, Mumbai. p. 17-21. 4. Rao T V & Raju Rao. â€Å"The Power of 360- Degree Feedback†, Respo nse Books, A division of Sage Publications, New Delhi. (2005). 5. Rao T V . â€Å"HRD Audit†, 9th Edition, Response Books, A division of Sage Publications, New Delhi. (2005). 6. Rao T V. â€Å"Making 360 Degree Feedback Work†, Human Capital, August, 1999. 7. Rao T V. â€Å"Performance Management and Appraisal Systems-HR Tools for Global Competitiveness†, Response Books, A division of Sage Publications, New Delhi. (2004). 8. Rao T V. Readings in Human Resource Development†, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. (2005). 9. Sangwan D S. â€Å"Human Resource Management in Banks†, IBA Bulletin, June 2005, Vol XXVII, No. 6. Mumbai. p. 14. 10. Tripathi P C. â€Å"Human Resource Development†, 5th Edition, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. (2006). 11. Udai Pareek and Rao T V. â€Å"Designing and Managing Human Resource Systems† 3rd Edition, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,1981 (2005). 12. www. appraisal360. co. uk 13. w ww. city. ac. uk/guidelinesforusing360degreefeedbackintheappraisalprocess. html 14. www. click-360. com 15. www. fullcirclefeedback. com 16. www. tvrls. com

Psychodynamic Vs. Biological Approach - 1569 Words

This essay will begin by discussing the main assumptions of the cognitive, psychodynamic and biological approach to psychology. It will look at a study that supports each approach. In addition it will look at how the studies have been influential in psychology today. Finally it will include some of the different branches of psychology and why these are relevant to different health professionals. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology which focuses on the brain and how we think, Cognitive psychologists believe that our thought processes explain behaviour and make these assumptions by looking at our perception, language, attention and memory. (Jarvis,M,2005). One of the main assumptions is that cognitive psychologists often use a computer to explain how we think and behave. Based on this computer analogy, cognitive psychology is interested in the way the brain inputs, stores and outputs information and how behaviour can be influenced by the way we deal with information. (Sammons, A, n.d) However an important criticism directed at the cognitive approach is that it often ignores the way in which other factors such as biological and environmental explain how we process information. (cognitive psychology, n.d) Cognitive psychologists apply animal research to humans. For example, discovering whether chimpanzees can learn language helps psychologists develop theories about how humans learn language. Gardner and Gardner (1969) study of teaching ASL to a chimp supports this.Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Mind And Behavior1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we are born with imprinted knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, theorized the concept that we were born a blank canvas and the development of our minds are sculpted by our experience, demonstrating that modern psychological debates of nature VS nurture, and interests of the functions of the mind, have been discussed for centuries. Psychology as we know it today is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. All scientists whether chemists, biologists, physicists or psychologists mustRead MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words   |  7 Pagesexamines patterns, modes of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. There are so many things to keep in mind about Lifespan Psychology; 1. Lifespan Psychology is a scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development. 2. Scientists who study the lifespan know that neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of human development. 3. Development is a continuing process throughout the lifespan. 4. EveryRead MoreThe Theory Of Language Development1606 Words   |  7 PagesP1 Language development Biological approach- Noam Chomsky believes that the ability to develop any sort of communication and language is genetically programmed into us. Because children develop language very fast it is likely that the ability to use language is genetically programmed within us like standing and walking is. We need experience from people around us to use language but we do not need to be trained to speak. Behaviourist approach- B.F. Skinner believes that language is developed throughRead MoreEssay on Me Myself and Personality Traits661 Words   |  3 Pagesexplains me is the Psychodynamic. Psychodynamic is where your inner conflicts or things that happen to you influence your behaviors. I’ve grown to be more secure; I don’t trust many people and stay more to myself due to the things that go on in my life and even around me. 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